Thursday, April 30, 2015

The Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) ****/5: I was impressed by this film but i was let down in some areas because i am still not clear about some things.



I was impressed by The Avengers: Age of Ultron although I was not overwhelmed and I was let down in parts. Overall, however, the integrity of the franchise remains intact. It would be difficult for much novelty to come from this film particularly as that was the point of the first Avengers film. What we have here in the sequel is a more mature exercise and life experience shows us that the wonder of novelty wears away with maturity. The team of superheroes have already been assembled but there are forces at work that seek to tear them apart. I hoped that this film could live up to the hype and while it is not a mind blowing film it does raise certain issues while not fully elaborating on others. I have come to expect that these marvel films do not have much of a dramatic core and so I just try and live with it. What these marvel films do have is a comic book core that they adhere to strictly and The Age of Ultron is no exception. If you’re looking for a comic book core as opposed to a dramatic one then you should not be too disappointed by this film. What marvel fans should do however is give credit to Nolan’s The Dark Knight Trilogy that  also dealt with a lot of the significant thematic issues present in this film. What the marvel films have over Nolan is the grand CGI element that would be preposterous without the influence of the comic book element.

This film is about the age of Ultron. Ultron (James Spader) is a form of artificial intelligence created by Tony Stark/Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr. ) with the hope that it will maintain some semblance of peace on earth. When Ultron is ‘freed’ he believes there can be no peace on earth unless human beings become extinct. He then sets into motion a series of tumultuous events that will, supposedly,  forever define his age.  There are three new superhero additions to the roster, Scarlett Witch (Elizabeth Olsen) and Quicksilver (Aaron Taylor Johnson) known as the Maximoff twins from a fictional eastern European republic called Sokovia. There is also the Vision (Paul Bettany) that is the source of some interesting moments in the film. The usual Avengers roster has assembled for this film with the likes of Iron Man, Captain America, the Hulk, Thor, Black Widow and Hawkeye.

Positives

The main positive is that I was not let down by the film. The main reason I was not let down however was the element of continuity in this film from the previous films. It really took advantage of several elements from the first avengers film to give the movie some heft. Director Joss Whedon, is still sticking to the premise about the wider universe and a lot of it has to do with Loki’s scepter and we know who gave him that scepter. The important thing about that scepter won’t be spoiled here  but suffice to say it makes a lot of comic book sense and it sets up the events that will follow In The Avengers: Infinity Wars.

 I thought that Ultron would  be some flash in the pan villain but, thankfully,  his design and evolution was actually quite interesting. James Spader does well in terms of his delivery in this film but what really grabbed me was how Ultron addressed the issue of evolution with none of the high handed moral quandaries that lead people to become idealistic and stagnant in their approach to certain things. He likes to emphasize that there is room for improvement and that can only come about when the old makes way for the new. His approach might seem dastardly and villainous but it is only just speeding along the natural progression of the human race which will be fortunate to be on earth 500, 000 -1 million years from now without naturally imploding as a species. People like to compare this film to Man of Steel (2013) but only because that film reeked of destruction that claimed thousands  of lives while this film does its best to preserve human life with little or no causalities. How pristine and fitting for the PG-13 era. They should also be comparing the notion of evolution that was also present in Man of Steel and this point was driven home in that film when General Zod’s second in command, Faora, was pummeling superman and reminding him about why evolution always wins. The strong survive in the long run regardless of what morality says. Ultron basically says the same thing here and uses it to justify his actions just like Zod and his crew did in Man of Steel. All people seem to be interested in are the noble efforts by the Avengers to save lives. There is nothing wrong in saving lives but what is the point of the comparison with Man of Steel if not to say that Marvel got it right and DC got it wrong.  I will have to address this in another blogpost. Anyways Ultron does do a lot to demonstrate his belief in evolution particularly as he changes forms and how we see new forms like the vision emerge. It also challenges many of the beliefs and established elements of some of the characters. Change is necessary and Whedon does make some concessions to Ultron.

The action is what you come to expect from these films although it is not mind blowing because of the overwhelming CGI element. A lot of the great action moments come when the characters bring their personality to the table. I was not too impressed with the Hulk’s portrayal however because he just reeked of CGI. Anyways the action was not mind blowing and there were, notably, not many cheers in the audience when it came to the action. More cheers came from the comedic elements.

Hawkeye’s character does add some heft to the story particularly as he questions his own role. It is clear by the end what his role is in the film and it is not non-existent. If the right decisions are taken then Hawkeye’s role will become more evident in the next marvel film where he will be featured and it’s not because he is great with a bow and arrows. He just does his job.

It’s time to accept that marvel is driven by the comic book element and not necessarily by the dramatic element. Those critics looking for something weighty like what was present in The Dark Knight Trilogy are in for a disappointment. The Dark Knight Trilogy had the element of urban crime or warfare as a significant external element that influenced the approach of the main characters. It’s  not clear what motivates the avengers as a team apart from their superficial conception as superheroes.  

Whedon is going for a strictly comic book approach here which benefits from years of history. It is the presentation of the characters that matter more than any dramatic core or a significant external element that will challenge how the characters act. In this film it‘s all about the presentation of the avengers on screen. The avengers are so prominent in the society that they have replaced SHIELD as an institutional body.

This film is clearly a more mature presentation of the avengers as opposed to the kiddy fare of the first film. You know it’s mature when Bruce Banner/the Hulk and Natasha/Black Widow engage each other and have a romantic vibe which reveals how broken they are.

There were some interesting back stories provided for some of the characters, particularly Black widow.

The global appeal was good and there are some references and hints about characters that are yet to be featured.

This film is blockbuster material.

Ultron provides a better challenge than Loki does and he is not afraid to take on the avengers.

Negatives

The primary negative in this film is the very comic book nature of the film which denies it a chance to say something meaningful about society. The film is dominated by the characters but there is nothing really holding them together. It’s still not clear what the avengers represent apart from being stooges of the American government. Whedon did try to bring this out in his own way but if it were not for the super powered element I just don’t see what makes them special. It even reaches a point where hawkeye feels sidelined in the presence of godlike figures. It feels like we’re dealing with the gods of Olympus and Ultron does make reference to the devastating hand of god(nature). The film seems more like a duel among the gods. The governments of the world are basically nonexistent. This is important since people are so concerned with collateral damage.  The avengers are lords of the earth it seems. They create their own problems (Ultron) and watch the lesser mortals suffer the consequences, according to Captain America. This film is heavy on star power that comes with the comic book material but star power is an individualistic concept and so unity can only come with characters like hawkeye who have no power and this is the point I hope Whedon was trying to bring out. In any case these godlike figures speak about a lot of fantastic things but there is nothing at the core to hold them togther apart from a confrontation with the almighty Thanos.   With all of these powerful figures in the film it’s no wonder so much is based on how they interact with each other. There is so much power on display that it is difficult to identify with them apart from their comic book origins. It is to Whedon’s credit that he brings out the comic book nature of the entire thing because there is not much else to hold it together.

Yes the CGI is important in delivering outlandish set pieces but this all goes back to the comic book nature of the whole thing. Most of the truly great blockbusters like Star Wars, The Lord of the Rings, The Dark Knight Trilogy had a common element that brought people together apart from just their characters. Star Wars: A New Hope , the father of blockbusters as we know it today, was significant because it dealt with a rebellion against tyranny. It was a common element but easily identifiable just as in The Dark Knight trilogy it was about taming the monster of crime and in The Lord of the Rings the challenge was against the tyranny of Sauron, the bearer of the one ring of power. I am still not clear what the avengers are fighting against. They are just fighting each other because Ultron is more or less a by product of Stark’s make up.  Everyone knows that Thanos is supposed to be the main villain but it’s still not clear what he is all about. Is he a great tyrant of the universe? Why is he so concerned with the earth? What does he embody as a character? Marvel could have resolved this by simply making Thanos into a great tyrant who seeks to control the universe but there are pockets of resistance that dare to challenge him. Wait that’s just like Star Wars. Let me think about it some more. The point is it does not have to be wildly original but the series is beginning to suffer because they have not addressed the big baddie that is Thanos. Ultron seems like another decoy like Loki but just a more powerful one.  Thanos is supposed to be behind everything but it is still not clear why he even bothers or what he represents. If you knew nothing about comic books then you would be at a loss about the direction being taken by Marvel. The creative team at Marvel assumes that most people will know who these mighty characters are. Only the geeks know why thor dipped himself in holy water.  It might seem like a film that appeals to all but it does not. It is a very closed space particularly as it is presented in this film. The first film did make an effort to integrate the wider society with the concept of the avengers but this film seemed to be going in the direction first taken by the horrible Iron Man 2 and this is made more apparent since Stark played such a significant role in the creation of Ultron.

Some of the CGI on display was not impressive. I was not impressed by the look of the hulk in this film. I liked the Vision but when a series starts to mature then you start to see beyond the façade of it all.

Whedon and Co. are definitely trying to fight off the malaise that comes with the blockbuster territory. They are trying to out do themselves in terms of looking massive but this massive element would have been more effective if it was not already clear that some elements in the film are designed to create an effect in the audience but not really to push the wider story. So you have the comedy and the action and another character reveal.  Any attempt at dramatic effect in The Age of Ultron does not make a lasting impact. It all seems like the road to nowhere but then there is the momentary effect of box office success. What is now happening to the avengers happens to most series when they reach a point of no return where the belief that more is better is the only way to go. More can be better up to a certain point. In the end what counts is the objective  of the story and right now it is still a bit hazy what the objective is.

When you do watch the film you will realize that what happens to Quicksilver is justified when you consider the business practice in the real world (Here’s looking at you X-Men: Days of Future Past) or the world we live in that does not have fantasy to save it. When you see what happens to him you will get the point that one of the main goals of this film is looking for the numbers at the box office and not about the avengers saving the world, minimizing collateral damage or saving citizens from death.


It’s also time that some of the marvel fans give more credit to Nolan’s The Dark Knight Trilogy and Nolan and co’s take on Man of Steel. These films are very influential and this is pretty much clear in The Avengers: Age of Ultron which is not as sophisticated but clearly ramps up the blockbuster effect. It’s because of Nolan’s take on the superhero genre why I was not surprised by some of the thematic elements on display in this film. Nolan did it better. 

Saturday, April 25, 2015

The Jamaican Cinematic Experience: The staple 2 for 1 special or the illusion of prosperity that comes with cheapness.


The staple 2 for 1 special offered by the Palace Amusement Co. is a designated movie night for several moviegoers. A lot of people that go and watch movies at the established cinema houses in Jamaica only go when the 2 for 1special is offered. The major element that bucks that trend is the premier of  highly anticipated films like Furious 7 or The Avengers: Age of Ultron. Without those highly anticipated films the cash cow for palace amusement is the 2 for 1 special. Going to the movies is fun again when the 2 for 1 special is in effect. This 2 for 1 special is offered for the 8:00 showing on Monday nights and the 5: 00 showing on a Tuesday evening. It is my opinion that the 2 for 1 special is a sign that the movie going experience in Jamaica cannot be sustained unless cheap measures like this are employed because this special has come to largely define the movie going experience in Jamaica at the established cinema house. It is also a reflection of business practice in Jamaica that caters to the many. The 2 for 1 special also reflects a state of perennial crisis for the Palace Amusement Co.  The success of the 2 for 1 is based on the type of movies being offered i.e. those which are guaranteed box office material. Even then the range of choice is still woefully limited because of the small number of screens. These are not necessarily good films just films that appeal to many people. A means to increase revenue if not to make a significant profit.  This means that most of these films are hardly the well made dramatic type of films. The good/great dramatic type of films have no room when there are overriding material concerns that are a reflection of the poverty/dire necessity of the industry. The good/great dramatic films still represent the highest standard for film as an art form although those films are perceived as not being  attractive enough to fill the seats in the established cinema house in Jamaica. There is just no room for them and the cheapness that comes with the 2 for 1 experience is one of the main factors that have influenced and reflected this outcome. as it was one of the major reasons that the Palace Amusement Co. can fill the seats.  

The blockbuster now reigns supreme at the box office. Gone are the days when a dramatic film like The Godfather (1972) could be a box office champ. The Star Wars era is here to stay and the high quality dramatic films are now known as independents, indie, or small scale in many quarters. The commercial based films represent a type of genre like comedy, action and romance. These three elements appeal to a mass audience more than a highly dramatic piece of work that has a very specific focus regarding human interaction.  The 2 for 1 experience has become such a success in Jamaica that the Palace Amusement Co. plays, primarily,  films that are comedic, action packed, hip or romantic.  They tend to show films of a particular type and not the good transcendent dramatic works unless they are hugely popular. A good dramatic film being dominant at the box office requires some high level of action like American Sniper. This is the effect of the blockbuster which does not deal in abstraction but revels in action that delights in constant movement and interaction that is identifiable. The great dramatic works are now seen as catering to a more mature audience.  I am not in a position to critique the blockbuster because I like them when they’re done right. I am not going to pretend that I detest their reliance on CGI etc. The point I am making is that the 2 for 1 experience is a blessing and a curse because it does shatter the high handed moral values of the Palace Amusement  Co. by making  it acknowledge the demands of the market but on the other hand the structure of the business has shifted to cater primarily to this commercial element without acknowledging those good dramatic works that will never be seen in a Jamaican cinema because they can’t make a significant sum of money or fill the seats. The good dramatic works are only shown during the movie awards season and sometimes not even for a week. The tagline is always ‘winner of 10 academy awards’ or ‘winner of 5 golden globes’. This is after the film has premiered long ago. I remember being very hopeful, in 2007, that I could get to watch No Country for Old Men but  Palace Amusement only showed it once at a 8 o’ clock screening after it was nominated for several academy awards.

The shift in the business also reflects the small scale nature of the Jamaica cinema. The Palace Amusement Co.  cannot afford, it seems, to show the good/great dramatic works. Showing them can be detrimental in some cases. I will never forget going to watch The American (starring the great George Clooney)at the Carib 5 (it has five screens) cinema. It was the first time I nearly fell asleep watching a movie at the movie theatre. I was there with only 3 other people at the screening. I know that at least one person had to be woken up at the end of the film. In a top cinema this would not represent much of a loss because it’s a movie and a screen is allotted for that particular purpose. They run it because they can afford to run it but they probably show it on one of their smaller screens. I watched The American in one of the large rooms at Carib 5 with only 3 people in attendance. It is clear that Palace Amusement cannot accept that kind of situation on a regular basis. This is because the number of screens are limited and the different theatres that are linked to palace amusement all play the same movie in the opening week. There is not much variety on display and they are mostly commercial hits. Palace amusement tries to move the time slots around in some cases but it’s hardly enough. The scope of the market is therefore limited to a couple of hits.  A sign that the Jamaican market cannot encourage growth in sales for  an advanced industrial product like a movie. The Jamaican economy in general cannot encourage growth in sales for any major industrial product which is a reflection of the nation’s great poverty.   When the 2 for 1 comes around you need a commercial hit. The people won’t come if it is a highly abstract dramatic work that deals with grand themes. These dramatic works can only be tolerated once there is some action, moments of cheer, romance or comedy in strong doses. The people just won’t come in  droves and this also reflects the limits of the Jamaican market for this product. When they do come in droves it is an illusion of prosperity that really masks crisis, desperation,  destruction and poverty at the core. A call for help or a drowning man clutching at a straw. With such a limited offering of commercially based films it means that you’re already catering for a pretty small market and the 2 for 1 special is a means to attract that very small market.  Palace amusement must fill the seats or perish. When that is the overriding concern then it is clear that the industry is suffering and no investments in order to promote expansion can be undertaken when such a cheap measure is your major option.

The Jamaican market is pretty small when it comes to movie going and I doubt this market is even considered, seriously,  by the major film companies when they are tallying their earnings at the international box office.  You can’t even make   US$1 million from any film at the Jamaican box office unless it is a MEGA, MEGA blockbuster. A mega blockbuster probably makes US$10, 000- US50,000 if they’re lucky.    My figures are just guess work but the reality is that there is not much to be earned at the Jamaican box office and the 2 for 1 special, therefore,  provides an illusion of prosperity in such cases. This report by The Jamaican Observer shows that the Palace Amusement were in dire straits prior to the closure of the Odeon cineplex. This actually supports my claims regarding the earnings of blockbuster films and I was probably very generous with my estimates. The Jamaican cinema scene from the established perspective is in a state of destitution. I looked for some of the unaudited financial reports for the company online but the links could not be found.  In any case the 2 for 1 special  can give the impression that movie going is taken seriously when you see the long lines but it is all because of the underselling that Palace Amusement has to engage in to attract an audience. Their most successful nights come when they sell cheap, even for the 3D films. Many times you will go to a movie when the 2 for 1 special is offered and hear people in the audience asking their friends as the film is about to start ‘Which movie ah play?’ In some cases it is just a hangout spot for some that are enjoying the cheapness. They don’t care about the movie they are watching. Others use the 2 for 1 as an excuse to make movie going fun again. With such a cheap ticket you can buy more of the highly priced movie food like pop corn, nachos or hot dogs.  This is called the illusion of prosperity. The fact that the 2 for 1 special is seen as a movie night by many suggests that the Jamaican market is weak because not many are willing to pay the full price for a movie ticket. Many instead support illegal DVD sellers where you can get a movie with poor visual quality (sometimes good quality) for JM$100 or US 90c.  In this case, for the commercially successful films, Palace Amusement still only fills half of the cinema as a result of this staple feature that is, on average, the most successful element in terms of generating revenues. They do need the revenue to pay staff, pay out dividends to shareholders and to maintain operations even if they are not making a significant  profit. The 2 for 1 keeps Palace Amusement going. It is a hard reality that the Jamaican market cannot sustain the increased prices that are now a staple of movie going. The Odeon Cineplex in Mandeville, Manchester has closed down and been dismantled and it doesn’t look like there will be a reboot anytime soon. The 2 for 1 special  could not save it and I will discuss my own experiences at the Odeon Cineplex in another commentary. It seems therefore that Palace Amusement has reached a point where it collects revenue and does not make serious profit. There are many things they could do to improve the movie going experience without resorting solely  to the 2 for 1 special. I already suggested in the previous post that if they allowed teens 13-15 to be considered for some films to increase market share. There would have to be a price to correspond to their age since the palace amusement only charges for adults and children. Adults begin at 16 and children end at 12. There is therefore some room in the middle if they take the PG -13 rating seriously.  There are other  suggestions I will make in later commentaries.

The illusion of prosperity that comes with the 2 for 1 special is also a general reflection of the Jamaican market in general. A market where per capita incomes are low; a market that demonstrates its poverty and destitution when cheap products are the norm and the standard of production for the producers is low or dirt poor. In Jamaica if you want to fill the bus or taxi you have to be cheap and this leads to people being squeezed and people willing to wait in the rain as they bypass other options even if they are JM$10 more.  Cheap products are esteemed so highly that a lot  businesses ( most businesses in Jamaica are considered small , micro or mini by the standards of the advanced industrial nations) must operate in the red to attract customers. They generate revenue but don’t make a profit. If they make a profit it is the bare minimum or the company has monopolized the small Jamaican market for a particular product or service. This revenue is then sucked away by government taxes, rent, wages (if you have workers to pay), needs of the family. This is the illusion of prosperity created by the Jamaican economy as a result of the cheapness. This cheapness provides little or no incentive for innovation and one can see it in the Palace Amusement operations where the interface with the customers does not change regularly and not enough is done in a major way to attract customers apart from the 2 for 1 special. Stagnation must set in when you cannot earn substantially or cannot be encouraged to earn substantially. In advanced capitalist nations the incentive to drive down the price comes with innovation in the technical  component which will increase market share because production costs have gone down as a result of this innovation. A successful product in a particular industry, especially if it is new,  raises income because it has found a way to expand market share. Wage labour will be in high demand as a result. The growth in industry  throughout the economy leads to a growth in per capita incomes because the technical requirements of living becomes higher (wants become needs) especially when market forces are at work. If the productive base is weak i.e. the economies of scale are small then the standard of living must adjust accordingly. Jamaica’s productive base is weak, tied to our dead or dying colonial economic structure that facilitates or encourages the production of raw materials or semi-finished products. In the case of the retail sector in Jamaica, of which Palace amusement is a part,  that has no bearing on the production values associated with its imports it must sell at a certain price to make a profit and this means the price must be raised. If you’re going to raise the price then give value for money with the sale. Palace Amusement does not do enough of this and,  like I said before,  I will be making some suggestions in later commentaries. If raising the price does not work in order to generate a profit you must sell cheap like other businesses in other sectors of the economy.


The 2 for 1 special is a reflection of a perennial crisis. It might have forced the Palace Amusement co. to grapple with reality but it grapples with reality in a desperate way to stay afloat. Without the 2 for 1 there does not seem to be a significant means to generate revenue apart from events outside the control of Palace Amusement such as the release of a MEGA blockbuster( Palace amusement must be looking forward with glee for  the release of The Avengers: Age of Ultron, Ant ManStar Wars and Batman vs. Superman.) Obviously if the productive base of the Jamaican economy encouraged growth in per capita income then there probably would not be a need for a 2 for 1 because most people would not frown on spending JM$1, 350 for a 3D movie ticket or people would not limit their experience to just blockbusters and be willing to watch other films. At this present moment, however,  the Jamaican economy is in the gutter for the many. Most people are motivated by dire necessity. Poverty is more or less like the hands of hell dragging Jamaicans back to the 1940s when we could walk around barefooted without worrying about social exclusion because we cannot afford shoes. Going to movies must also reflect dire necessity. If the economy continues to stagnate and destroy lives palace amusement will have to consider the 2 for 1 special  for every day from Monday to Friday. We have seen the destruction of the Odeon Cineplex in Mandeville. The Kingston market will remain artificially vibrant because so many Jamaicans are concentrated in that area but it is not necessarily a reflection of real growth; it just provides an illusion of prosperity. The movie houses in Montego Bay and Ocho Rios will be fine as they are in the tourist towns which have a fair degree of population density.  It doesn’t have to come to this, however, and I will continue to make suggestions although I doubt they will ever be considered much less taken in by Palace Amusement Co. They probably won’t read what I am writing in these commentaries anyway.  But I will get them to notice one day. 

Thursday, April 16, 2015

The Jamaican Cinematic Experience: When PG-13 becomes T-16 or 'Yuh Nuh Ready Fi Dis Yet Bway'.


The element in the Jamaican cinema where a PG-13 film becomes upgraded to T-16 just reinforces my belief that the Palace Amusement Co. is a highly moral enterprise. Highly moral while it’s crumbling materially.  This is even more shocking because the Palace Amusement Co. is not responsible for the production of these films which come primarily from the US, Europe and to a smaller extent, Asia and Africa. For the most part most of the films released globally are financed by American film companies. So let’s say these films are largely an American product. The American rating system developed by  the MPAA classifies these films accordingly and a PG-13 rating suggests, generally, that a film is very suggestive with some of its issues. It does not necessarily showcase, entirely,  certain materials which are considered more adult in nature but it is suggested because of the compromising element. So it is obvious that a man’s back is broken but it won’t be shown or that a character is cursing but does not say f***which would be the case in an R-Rated film. Instead of f*** the character says damn (in Jamaica damn is still considered a major bad/offensive word in a lot of quarters). Two characters are fighting but there is not much blood. In reality blood would probably be spewing or the situation is such that certain elements that should cause serious bodily harm to an individual do not do so because of evasive or defensive action or the serious bodily harm that does occur is off screen.    R stands for reality (although the MPAA says restricted) or showing things as they are with little compromise and most R-rated films are  no holds barred in terms of violence or as a reflection of day to day interactions among adults or even young people. I won’t be discussing the X 21 rating in Jamaica which is primarily for pornographic material  and which literally goes to the other Xtreme of a G rating. In America the equivalent is NC-17 or 17 and over. Jamaica raises this to 21 as if this is still 1950.

The PG-13 rating represents a middling ground (See my two posts on the subject Are we in the PG-13/middle of the road age for blockbusters? and  Follow up to PG-13 discussion with a particular look at Demolition Man (1993)) and most of the commercially successful films of recent years have been rated as such in order to reach most of the market. A significant portion of the market for these blockbusters is comprised of teenagers. I am focusing on the upgrade of the PG-13 element in the Jamaican cinema because it must eat into their earnings at a core level especially if you remove the 2 for 1 measure or that people have no choice when it comes to watching films  either in 3D or 2D. In Jamaica once a film has a 3D element the Palace Amusement Co. will not give you a choice and you have to watch the film in 3D. Another element that works in favour of Palace Amusement Co. is a major film release like Furious 7 or films by Marvel which are so popular that people will be  willing to pay to make up for the reduced market share that comes with the T-16 rating.

In any case the T-16 element is a highly moral element that is a distinct feature of the Jamaican cinematic experience. As a 13 or 14 year old you watch the trailers of The Avengers: Age of Ultron and you get excited because it’s rated PG-13 but when you go to the cinema on May 1 (this is assuming that it’s not sold out) and are told you’re too young because it’s T -16 it can be very disheartening. There is no explanation but the standard has been automatically raised because you are being protected from violence or elements that are no worse than what you see in an ordinary comic book. You are instead invited to watch some Pixar or DreamWorks animated film.  If this were a less popular film then Palace Amusement suffers because they cannot fill the seats especially when there is no 2 for 1. The T-16 rating is one of the elements that represent general stagnation in the Jamaican cinema and discourages, to some extent,  movie going for the youthful teenagers who deserve to be a part of major film events. Instead these events are reserved for young adults and up. The emphasis is on adult here and the T-16 rating corresponds to our high school system when most (or a fair amount) of the teens 16 and up are, or expected to be, in the 6th form of high school and are considered on the transition path to adulthood. This theory of mine also helps to explain why R-rated films which are designated in America for 17 and up is pushed to 18 and up in the Jamaican cinema. 6th form lasts two years or 3 in some cases. It is my theory for the rating system or why a film designated to be PG -13 is increased by 3 rating points in Jamaica yet there is not much of a gap between T-16 and A-18. It also helps when you understand that the age of consent for sexual relations in Jamaica is 16 years and this still fits into the concept of the young adult. This is just a theory but there is no official explanation provided by the Palace Amusement Co. about the reason for the rating. When you’re in the cinema and the time comes for the trailers in the coming attractions section the PG-13 rating is visible in some cases. When I say visible it follows the structure of trailer presentations in the US where the PG-13 rating appears at the end of the actual trailer feature in some cases. The presentation of the trailer having been approved by the MPAA is also visible which will suggest that there is some acceptance of the MPAA rating system.  Palace Amusement uses this same structure in many cases but does  bypass it in some cases but this would indicate some level of agreement with the rating of the MPAA. When the same  film arrives in at the Jamaican cinema then there is a T-16 rating with no explanation as to why. We are not even aware of the standard used by Palace Amusement and this is a sign of poor customer relations.

It seems like a highly moral measure because the rating system does not allow for much flexibility and this is clearly exemplified in the jump from PG-13 to T-16. The American system allows for flexibility and places the burden on the parent hence why parental guidance is required. If that is the case then the same should apply to Palace Amusement’s rating and the burden should be placed on the parent. The parent should decide if they feel that it’s acceptable for their children to consume a particular film. Palace Amusement has no description of their ratings on their website but they have taken it unto themselves to judge who is capable of being admitted. They have assumed the parental role in such an instance. If I take my son to a film and he is 13 along with his accompanying friends then I should be able to make the decision that I believe they can go and watch Furious 7 or The Avengers: Age of Ultron. So unless I am able to interview one of the top executives of Palace Amusement I must formulate my own theories. In reality, however, that should not have to be the case. The reason for the ratings must be clearly understood. It is too arbitrary and too often highly expectant teenagers are turned away because they are told they don’t fit the criteria. For instance why did Furious 7 receive a T-16 rating? There is no clear reason. It just appears on the ticket.

This rating element is a reflection of the wider Jamaican society where the high principles or ideals of Jamaicans make progression difficult for the youth. There seems to be an unspoken and unwritten policy in Jamaica to place a heavy burden on success. These high ideals or principles isolate more than they encourage growth. These high ideals and principles are more a reflection of great poverty and destitution. In Jamaica the older you are the more success you’re guaranteed. An up and coming youth is always told ‘Yuh nuh ready fi dis yet bway’ or ‘You’re not ready for this boy’. The burden of success is so high in Jamaica that if you’re not connected to a successful traditional enterprise you must possess almost miraculous talents, like Usain Bolt,  to truly succeed and become a professional in your field or become tied into some illegal enterprise. The material elements always undermine the high ideals or principles of Jamaicans because it isolates more than it encourages. If idealism was an indicator of economic prosperity then Jamaica would be one of the richest countries in the world. In reality however this idealism is more a reflection of dire poverty and a stubborn desire to stick to old colonial traditions. The days when imported movies were the exclusive property of the various cinema houses is now a fantasy. Illegal DVD sellers which are well supported and the internet have put to shame some of the policies Palace Amusement uses to maintain some level of dignity and a lofty moral standard. A lofty moral standard that follows a staple Jamaican business practice of buy cheap and sell dear across the board. A business practice that is encouraged as the economy is dominated by the wholesale and retail trade. Anyways, it is difficult to convince 13-15 year olds that they cannot watch some films at the cinema because they are not 16. Those with cable will be able to watch the same film  at the designated PG-13 rating. It’s like telling a 13-15 year old from a harsh neighborhood who has seen and heard all manner of things that a designated PG-13 film is too mature for him or her.

I am not saying that there should not be standards but it should be up to the parent, hence the term parental guidance. When the standards are too high, PG-13 becomes T-16, then a large portion of the market is removed from the Palace Amusement Co that stays afloat through desperate measures such as 2 for 1 which is a sign of a perennial crisis. A perennial crisis because Palace Amusement only imports a select amount of films  and so the 2 for 1 works on a limited basis with little to choose from at some of its cinemas, particularly if there is not much hype behind some of the select films (More on this in my next commentary).  If the rating agency in the US designated this film to be PG-13 then why should it be challenged so vigorously especially when the reasons for using this alternative are not made clear? The PG-13 rating means that a film has reached a middle ground and so it allows for some flexibility for those teenagers aged 13-16 to view a particular film with the consent of their parents and so allow the film companies to increase market share by selling more tickets.

I just hope that Palace Amusement provides some justification for their ratings structure especially as they will definitely continue this arbitrary policy in the future. I welcome any suggestions regarding the rate hike.


Friday, April 10, 2015

The Jamaican Cinematic Experience: Why should we stand for the national anthem before a movie screening in the Jamaican cinema?




(This is an earlier post from 2011 but it fits within the series and so I leave it untouched with a brief update at the end)

This commentary is addressing a pretty small scale issue in the Jamaican cinema landscape: the playing of the national anthem before a movie.

I recently went to watch Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol at the Palace Cineplex located in the Sovereign mall in Liguanea. Again the national anthem was played and I refused to stand. Prior to the national anthem there was the voice of Brigitte Foster-Hylton, on recording, saying that she is proud of her nation and that we should all stand for the anthem as a sign of respect. Everyone rose ceremoniously not realizing that the film they were about to view was an average and forgettable one apart from the stunt work. The way the people rose in unison suggested that the national anthem would enhance their experience of the movie.  Those who rose in unison must unconsciously believe in this patriotic act for a film screening however they and the owners of the palace amusement company, who runs the cinema chain in Jamaica, do not realize that they are instead suffering from the disorder of patriotic malaise. This is a disorder where the love of nation is forced upon people to the point where it rings false. If they do not suffer from it then I certainly do for with the increasing commercialization of film standing for a national anthem before a screening appears downright absurd and pathetic and is reflective of a backward, pretentious ideal that seems yet to be discovered by the populace: what it means to be Jamaican? We seem to be still at odds with the issue and our politicians always seem to be emphasizing this issue of unity due to our fractious and at times barbaric political system. The barbaric political system is not only a result of the violence but of the demagogic and shallow base of political ideologies which are sententious. The hypocrites in politics call for unity while preaching the downfall of one sect of society because they support a particular party. This is the glory of democracy.  This incessant call for unity is a bourgeois hypocrisy and caters only to the lackeys of the ruling class who spend more of their time in the United States, Canada and Europe than in Jamaica. The playing of the national anthem before a film is a reflection of that putrid sentiment and false sense of security: in other words an illusion; however why should it be played before a movie? The answer is: ????

There is no simple answer. The only justification is our backward approach to film. Jamaica rarely premiers its own films and probably when we were granted the honour of having our own movie houses, which showed these exquisite productions from the United States and Europe, we got so caught up in this great honour that it has become a staple of our movie going experience. I am not sure when it actually started and I am not prepared to say that it is a colonial tradition although it is in keeping with the pomp of ceremony in Jamaica, inherited by the English,  where every event is graced by the national anthem 'God save our noble Queen' or treated like 'the world stops here'. Whether  or not we inherited it from the English it is clear that to watch a national anthem before a film, which you may not like, is a sign of abject patriotic malaise. Film going experiences are not like the old days when the Majestic and the Odeon cinemas and drive ins would cater to a certain lifestyle of the audiences. It is no longer a amjor event to go to the movies. That is rare nowadays unless it is a major new creative thrust in the industry or a really popular film.  The film executives overseas have realized this which is why they have introduced the 3D and IMAX formats so as to make the experience of watching a movie larger than life itself.  A national anthem before a film is a crass way of saying that we Jamaicans should be grateful for being able to host these wonderful creations of the developed world. It is innovations in technology which will enhance the film going experience not a national anthem. The only question is: Do you stand for the national anthem when you watch the same film on DVD or Blu Ray in your private home? Do you stand for the anthem when you watch it on local television? Would you still stand for the national anthem should a cinema that only premieres pornographic material be made available to the public?

You are made to feel guilty sometimes when you don’t stand especially when you go with someone else who does not share your vision. I never stand so I know the feeling. I once heard a buffoon sitting behind me say ‘people no longer respect the national anthem.’ The national anthem does not logically add to the movie experience. I either like the film or do not. I suppose that in the older days you were forced to stand by some form of persuasive coercion and in some other poor nations you probably have the military combing the aisles ensuring that you stand. Now we have the attendants that tear your ticket stubs and flash their light bulbs in the aisles trying to identify empty seats for latecomers to the show and identify those trying to use camcorders to record the film to distribute as pirate DVDs. The social pressure to stand for the anthem is overbearing for some and I remember a particular female pleading with me to stand and I suppose she felt isolated from the crowd by going to a movie with a man who will not stand for the national anthem prior to the screening of a film.  She eventually forgot the incident since she did not like the movie and was actually disappointed despite the playing of the anthem which is designed  to enhance the film going experience by instilling some sense of pride in being able to consume this noble product, this precious import. I cannot emphasize too much how this pompous ceremony is ridiculed by foreigners who snicker while it is being played. They find themselves in the uneasy position where they are not sure if they should stand or sit. It is an act of buffoonery on the part of the palace amusement co. to keep this practice going. It is similar to the archaic presentation of coming attractions, which they thankfully revamped, which was hampered by poor audio quality. They kept the poor audio for at least a year even though it screeched and scratched in your ears. Competition from another formidable entity would  ruin the palace amusement co.

The national anthem also reflects a certain high handed/patronizing attitude of the managers who seem to be caught in the scramble for social gratification by portraying themselves as highly moral beings which predicate their attitudes based on the oppressive values of the church and the notion that we were just born as a nation.  This pompous attitude can be a source of aversion for some although, as a result of the social pressure in the cinema, they will not admit it. It is a reflection of us as a people who continue to exalt this practice as if it is still a privilege to watch the movies in the cinema handed to us by those mighty movie executives from above. Most of the movies released in the US are available online before they reach Jamaica.  I know the managers are highly moral for when a film is rated pg-13 in the US it is given a pg-16 rating by the palace amusement co.

If it was an event where Jamaica was competing internationally then there would be a need to play the national anthem to keep spirits high and identify ourselves as jamaican however we only seem to be glad to premier American films and  one or two Jamaican films. Should we really stand for the national anthem prior to the screening of a movie?

As Jamaica is not a fully capitalist nation and still has its agrarian influences which are reinforced by religion I am not surprised by the practice. When Jamaica becomes fully industrialized and commercialization comes in the form of competition to the palace amusement co. then we will eventually see the removal of the national anthem. A man can dream can't he. 

Until then I refuse to stand.*

* I was clearly upset when i posted this but i still am not in support of standing for the national anthem before a film which is designed to enhance the experience. It is one of the practices that places the Palace Amusement Co. in a backward position. I no longer protest by refusing to stand. I just ensure that i enter the cinema after the anthem is played because i am going to watch a movie and not to be reminded that i am a citizen of Jamaica.

(I now have veritable proof that standing for a national anthem was indeed a colonial practice designed to reinforce loyalty to the British Empire. In the book Freedom's Children by Colin Palmer he quotes extensively a harsh commentary by Roger Mais entitled "Now We Know". As he mocked the abject conditions of the subject peoples of the British Empire he makes reference to standing for the anthem before a movie screening. 'That we may rise dutifully to our feet and sing with the rest "God Save the King" before we take our seats in the cinema, or after the show.')

The Jamaican Cinematic Experience: A General Introduction


(Image courtesy of my-island-jamaica.com)

‘The Jamaican Cinematic Experience’ is a new series of commentaries that will document my perspective on movies/films in Jamaica, from a cinematic point of view,  as experienced by me and fellow Jamaicans I have observed. . This cinematic experience is not limited to my experience of ‘going to the movies’ in the traditional sense but also includes my perspective on how Jamaicans, I have observed and talked to, experience film as a product or a commodity.

This chronicle of the Jamaican cinematic experience is quite relevant because movies/films are imported commodities and also reflect the attitudes some Jamaicans have to products that are foreign based. This applies to imported products, such as movies/films, that represent advanced technical/industrial production. Movies/films are advanced industrial products  when you consider that there is a high technical component that is required to produce the final product that people see onscreen. The film art form, as distinct,  is composed of moving pictures and emerged out of  photography and still images of subjects or objects and placing them in motion. It is an advanced art form that requires high technical input in order to make it possible. The high technical component is comprised of the various motion picture cameras that must be utilized in order to place the images, including the actors, on screen. There is also the utilization of visual effects that help to capture artificial images that cannot be captured in the real world.  This also involves the use of advanced computer software. There are certain objects or robotic elements that are also constructed to be used on set before being altered digitally in post production.  There is also the issue of sound which may seem basic but you only have to look back to the silent era to see how far we’ve come.  Also there is also the process of the presentation of film which has a high technical component such as 3D photographic imagery,  surround sound, IMAX images which are captured on particular cameras and digital  forms of storage and films being transferred to DVD and Blu Ray discs.  Movies/films are, therefore,  an advanced industrial product ( I am not focusing on the other elements that cater to the actors such as costuming etc because those evolved out of the theatre scene). When you pay for a ticket you are consuming the finished product which is not like buying food. If movies/films are consumed in this way then they must be considered an advanced industrial product because of the high technical component.

Well what does that mean for the Jamaican market? As a result of our long history of colonialism  Jamaica has been conditioned to become a net exporter of raw materials (cane sugar, bananas, bauxite etc) and a net importer of advanced manufactured or refined products* from the advanced industrial nations. A country like Jamaica has advanced in the realm of manufacturing and industry but in most cases this applies to rudimentary industry such as food and beverages and agro processing or very simple articles like furniture that are still dominated by the handicrafts sector. Jamaica has not reached an advanced industrial level and is still agrarian for the most part with an extensive commercial base that facilitates imports and exports in general and the local wholesale and retail trade. As a result of our semi-colonial status the commercial sphere is much more dominant than the industrial sector. High interest rates are a significant reflection of this uneven relationship between the more dominant commercial sphere and the weak industrial base.   Film is another imported commodity that represents the high level of development in the advanced industrial states. Jamaicans interact with movies/ film in the same way that they interact with other advanced industrial products such as cell phones.   Generally, you have the high quality product , which only the few can access, that is expensive and becomes a social event when it premieres and then there is the cheap, accessible product that can be consumed by the many. In the end all is made available for consumption and that is the way of most advanced industrial products that become outdated or go through the ageing process. The standards (price) are normally lowered over time because demand in the market slows. Most movies/films endure this process but at a much quicker pace than a  iphone  6 or Samsung Galaxy S6 and a car.

From a social/cultural level, however, movies/films, like any other imported advanced product, takes on particular dimensions which I will be documenting from my perspective in these commentaries . These dimensions reflect how Jamaicans interact with the product or how it is perceived. This does not apply only to those that buy tickets but to the monopolistic Palace Amusement Co. that controls the distribution and sale of movies/films from the point of view of ‘going to the movies’ in its established and formal cinematic form. Their practices also have to be brought into account because it affects how we as Jamaicans consume the product.  I am not only referring to just the price but from a cultural point of view that reflects our semi-colonial status as a country that is a net importer of advanced industrial products or commodities like movies/films.  

From a general perspective our semi-colonial status and how we consume these advanced industrial products reflects a fanciful, idealistic mentality that ignores certain fundamentals. Ignoring these fundamentals also reflect a certain level of backwardness or the lack of investment which would enhance the film going experience of the consumer. Obviously Jamaica has released locally produced films but the low level of productivity means that the quality is low or that films are released every 2- 5 years. The theatre scene in Jamaica is much more vibrant because the technical requirements are quite low.  The film industry in Jamaica is nascent at best because most films that are released are treated as all star events. Stars from other industries that cannot be said to be apart of the film industry. In some cases the star performers in the films released in Jamaica are our musicians.  There are no real fundamentals to the Jamaican industry because it is not streamlined in order to encourage a certain level of professionalism. When an industry cannot encourage individuals to become professionals in that particular field then this means that it is lacking in terms of capital investment which would allow people to devote their labour on a full time basis. When the lack of professionalism or innovation as a result of efficient investment is the case then most people must fall back on their idealistic approach to the subject or the principles that they adhere to without being able to actually make a significant change from a material standpoint. The fledgling Jamaican film industry has gone the way of many local industries that found it difficult to stay afloat. If you can’t make films consistently you become a teacher and try to inform people about the principles of film or you become a critic or an academic expert on the subject. All you have are your thoughts when your industry is impoverished because you lack the means to make a significant material change. You start to say things like ‘I have a DREAM’ as you hope for some sort of capital to make certain dreams possible. This is not forthcoming because your industry is bankrupt because you ignored the fundamentals or  were unable to keep up with the pace required to make your business sustainable. Your mode of operation became fossilized, living on the glories of the past. This is the case of the Jamaican film industry.

It is not even appropriate to call it an industry and, like in the days of the 19th century, it is more fitting to call the Jamaican cinema tic experience a leisurely activity in keeping with our prestigious consuming tradition dating back to colonial times. It cannot be called an industry in a strict sense because although advanced industry severely and brutally exploits wage labour it also makes people dependent on it for a livelihood because it grows to such proportions in the social sphere- because of the exchange of the product in the market for money- where it can sustain itself effectively. Industries in the private sector are considered successful when they can rely on the exchange of their goods in the market in order to accumulate a surplus in the money form. This encourages further production and the business then becomes sustainable once it is continually sustained by the market. This is the case in free market economies. They live and die by their product.

The Jamaican cinematic experience, therefore, is geared primarily to consumption and not production and this has several implications from a cultural basis and this will be explored in the series. Even from the perspective of consumption a high handed morality still prevails and a sluggish approach to adopting new techniques in order to encourage people to consume. A lot of the measures designed to encourage people to consume movies/films in Jamaica are more a reflection of desperation than innovation. Despite this the Palace Amusement Co. must be commended for staying afloat and not having us wait, in some cases, for films to appear on DVD before we can watch them. Their noble efforts keep us integrated to some degree in the international market but there are things that can be done to improve the movie going experience. These changes are also dependent on more people willing to go and watch movies instead of going to parties instead of taking in the live opera series put on by the Palace Amusement co for instance. Jamaicans, understandably, are more likely to spend money on going to a party instead of going to the movies and this goes to show that the Jamaican cinematic experience has certain cultural ramifications that must be explored in order to understand why people are not so willing to spend or pay full price for an admission ticket.    I look forward to feedback but please bear in mind that this is my perspective and is not necessarily the perspective of many people. we all have our own perspective but there must be some commonalities.  I  will try and be objective where I can but this is merely a democratic exercise where I am expressing my opinion on a particular subject without trying to put down anyone. Just calling it like I see it.


*Refined products like oil or even the sugar in our tea are the outcome of an advanced industrial process and are not raw materials in the sense that a country like Jamaica exports to gain foreign exchange. Our type of raw materials do not represent the finished product of the material in many cases. If it does then this is largely due to foreign capital.

Thursday, April 9, 2015

Furious 7 (2015) ***½/5: Good film and a fitting tribute or send off to Paul Walker but this film clearly shows that the franchise might need to take a new approach because there is a lot of excess on display now. Excess that even has video game origins.



When Vin Diesel said that Furious 7 will win best picture at the academy award ceremony  next year, unless the academy wants to remain relevant,  it piqued my interest  because it was clearly a promotional stunt. After watching it I am now more convinced that the statement was a promotional stunt just as the film was a big send off for Paul Walker who died last year. Diesel is a producer so it’s in his interest if the film does well at the academy awards ceremony.  Paul Walker, along with Diesel, was a backbone and primary character for the series that began in 2001. Paul Walker played Brian O’ Connor who originally started out as a cop before he fell for the lure of the underground street racers movement led by Dominic played  by Diesel. It is clear that Diesel is relying on the dramatic send off for Walker the actor and not the actual character he played throughout the series to qualify his claim. The send off has nothing to do with the film itself because the character played by Walker remained intact by the end. In some cases the send off had nothing to do with the movie. After watching the film it is clear that some people will confuse the real life element with the fictional element of the film. This is why there was the claim that Paul Walker’s death was more of a talking point for young people than the death of Nelson Mandela, a man who actually achieved something of substance in the real world.  It is unfortunate for Walker’s fans that he died the way he did but it does not change the fact that Furious 7 is not a great film and just another thrill fest that is highly charged. I am not a fan of the series or of Walker and so I do not have to be clouded by that emotional element. I heard the film was good and so I went to check it out.

The film is about the street racing team led by Dominic (Vin Diesel) that reunite, after finding some peace having returned to the US to settle down, to confront the threat of the shadow like figure of Deckard Shaw (Jason Statham) who is seeking vengeance against the team that crippled his brother Owen Shaw from the previous film in the franchise.

Positives

The primary positive of this film is the highly charged thrill fest that is loaded with many action sequences that include one on one fights, lots of bullets and explosions,  high speed chases and stunts. Obviously the car element is striking particularly two moments when, one, a  car crashes through three buildings at top speed in Abu Dhabi  and the moment when cars take a sky dive in order to access a particular location for a particular objective.  These two moments will definitely get some moviegoers excited but it is clearly over the top as the franchise must continually seek new ways to up the ante and thrill audiences particularly the many that have a commodity fetish for cars. While watching this film it made me realize how effective the capitalist system has found a way to make commodities seem so fanciful and mystical in the hands of celebrity human agents. In some cases Furious 7 seemed like a promotional outlet for cars in general particularly a particularly luxurious vehicle owned by some prince in Abu Dhabi. Just another way to glamorize this prized commodity and who better to embody than those that have mastered the car element and who can take the chance to sky dive with cars.  This team in The Fast and Furious franchise seem to be an elite car when it comes to cars and you can see how the franchise is more like a fantasy bordering on comic book material where the villains are referred, by some critics, as super villains. At one point Dom delivers a stomp on crumbling pavement to send Shaw falling through to the lower levels and it seems as if his strength is bordering on super strength, the stuff of comic book lore. The heroes survive some really devastating crashes which is clearly another implausible element to make them seem like masters of the car commodity.  You know that the film borders on video game material when Walker is featured in a sequence reminiscent of the opening train sequence in Uncharted 2: Among Thieves (2009). Films like this are trying to make it seem like human agents can do everything a video game can with the help of a lot of CGI and an audience willing to believe without question.

 It will be interesting to see what they can do next with cars. I have an idea:  they can make cars drive on water for the next film.

Jason Statham makes a great villain once he can show case his fighting skills and they did well to make him into a shadowy type of figure.

Some pretty good fights in this film.

It is clear that this underground racing team has gained a lot of prominence in official circles which means that it has come a far way.

I liked the globetrotting element. One of the reasons I took an interest in the franchise was the 5th film that took place in Brazil.

Obviously the final scene is a fitting tribute to Paul Walker. It is clearly the highlight of the film from a dramatic point of view. The only thing I will say is that I hope that some people do not get confused because it is a tribute to Paul walker and not to the character he played. It just goes to show you that the series could have been harder hitting if it had the balls to lay to rest prominent members like of the team like Brian or Dom. The death of fringe characters like Han does not resonate as much. If the character, Brian, played by Walker actually passed then this would have elevated the film. In this case it is Walker that has passed and so the film is just a vehicle to pay a tribute to walker who entertained so many fans of the franchise and helped to make so much money for the executives at Universal studios.

Negatives

The primary negative is the excess in terms of action that is clearly a means to make up for a thin plot. A car crashing through three high skyscrapers is clearly a means to up the ante and not a means to do anything meaningful. The franchise has set itself up to outdo its many stunts involving cars and so the excess is inevitable.  If it was not for Walker’s death there would be little or no emotional attachment to the characters. When Dom is presumed to be in a fateful crash and his woman Letty (Michelle Rodriguez), an amnesiac, is crying over him and so on I felt nothing at all. I said to myself ‘I'll be very surprised if they let him die’ and bingo he was revived with something clever to say. There is little or no feeling for the characters unless they’re fighting, talking tough,  making jokes/wise cracking,  driving or shooting. It is all superficial and it does not offer much support for Diesel’s claim that this film can win the academy award. You sympathize with Paul Walker but not his character. If he had not died you would already be looking forward to the 8th installment.
The commodity fetish associated with the car in this film drives the excess. It’s no surprise that you have a scene where a very luxurious car is advertized and then promptly smashed. When it’s smashed some people clearly feel for that car. I am not really looking forward to the 8th installment on the basis of the excess here. The action goes on and on and it all seems like a means to make the characters look cool. Hopefully Walker’s death will make them reconsider these ridiculous crashes where the characters come out unscathed or with a couple of cuts. The action is good but it reaches a point where it does not seem spectacular because it’s mind numbing. You come to expect this during the film and it’s just loud with no substance. They try and set up a final confrontation but it comes across as very lightweight. I was not worried for any of the characters.

The excess is not limited to the action because there are some scenes with females that goes high on the emotional index but still seem lightweight. I felt nothing for the characters when they  were crying bucket loads of tears or when they showed their love for each other. It’s clear that they have all matured and Walker’s death brings that into focus but it does not change that this maturity represents ossification or fossilization of the series. The franchise is now obese due to the excess that has taken it beyond its origins and they should start thinking about a new direction probably introducing the inheritors to the underground street racing circuit. You know that it’s excessive because there is only one street race featured in Furious 7. It might be time to go back to that circuit but with new characters with Dominic being some sort of god father. They will eventually do it after the 8th or 12th installment when Dom finally gets old. Walker’s death should shake up the franchise or act as some sort of catalyst to reinvent the series by going back to its roots but just not with the same characters. Has the circuit changed since Dom and Brian in 2001? Who is up and coming? In Furious 7 it’s all about settling down and that’s for ageing people. It’s the young people and their unsettled nature that might give the franchise some impetus. How about a more futuristic presentation about the underground racing circuit?


Well it’s not up to me but the franchise is clearly obese based on what I saw. Walker’s death is a clear sign that it might really be time for these characters to settle down and give young, attractive hackers like Ramsey a new starring role alongside fresh faces.

Friday, April 3, 2015

Concentration (Attraction) vs. Diffusion (Repulsion)



The contradiction of concentration or attraction vs. diffusion or repulsion is a significant one that reflects the movement at the essential core of a particular element. This contradiction or dialectic movement was comprehensively developed first by Hegel in The Science of Logic from an idealistic or principled basis but was further developed by Karl Marx in his 4 volumes of Capital from a materialistic basis. The idea of concentration or attraction implies the movement of the various parts  in a particular way that join to form and then comprise the whole. The whole then becomes the essential element or body. When some parts are repulsed from the whole they become the other or begin to form new wholes. This repulsion or diffusion of the whole is yet another form of movement that characterizes a process whereby essential elements are formed. Marx used concentration or attraction to describe how the various elements, from an economic point of view, form the whole that is capitalism. He also used this dialectical theoretical framework to explain how some elements are also repulsed from the whole thereby laying the basis for the formation of a new whole.  Capitalism is comprised primarily of the capitalists, owners of the means of production, who exploit the wage labour force that gives them surplus value/ unpaid labour time that forms the basis for profit generation when calculated on the basis of the total capital advanced. Elements of repulsion occur in capitalism when wage labour becomes devalued and the high levels of labour productivity which comes with capitalism forms the basis for the growth in technology. The increase in the growth of capital is intertwined with the high levels of labour productivity that comes with the wage labour force. The growth in labour productivity which naturally leads to the growth of scientific application and technological innovation tends to make workers in some particular industries obsolete or redundant. They are then repulsed by the whole particularly if they are not then absorbed by another industry. The repulsed workers then form the basis for the industrial reserve army or those that exist on the fringes of society particularly when it becomes hereditary and becomes the basis for ossified class distinctions within the whole that is the capitalist mode of production. I am focusing on this contradiction from a principled basis using the materialist dialectic developed by Marx. This is a general discussion and is not meant to make any ground breaking revelations. These discussions help to highlight my own thought process and how I  analyze particular issues. I already addressed a similar issue when I spoke of the accumulator becoming the destroyer.

The Forces of Concentration or Attraction

Forces of concentration or attraction reflect the movement of the various parts that comprise the whole or are attracted to an essential element. The parts that comprise the whole become the essence of a particular object or element. When one deals with the movement of the various parts then this essential element assumes a relativistic position. This means that the essential element is not a static element and is subject to alteration and one reason is the forces that encourage various elements to combine to form the whole. There must be an original element that attracted the others to combine.  I will discuss in the next section the elements that are also repulsed because these do help to alter the objective reality of the whole from a relativistic point of view. For the moment I am focusing on the forces  that lead to attraction or concentration in order to emphasize the difference with the forces that lead to diffusion or repulsion. The forces of attraction represent a positive movement towards the core of an element. The element represents the one because the one is an element unto itself. In the material world the one becomes a force of attraction for several reasons. One can look at popular events such as a world cup for football or the Olympics that attract those individuals that want to achieve some form of national glory. There are also economic spheres that attract individuals for the purposes of production or consumption. A popular fair or event can encourage people to spend  just as a fertile area can encourage the significant  production of some raw material that will attract investment. The great cities of the world represent a significant concentration of wealth because for many historical and philosophical reasons there is a significant concentration of capital and trade in these areas and so a lot of money circulates for the purposes of production or consumption. This concentration of activity encourages people to flock to these centres of wealth.

In order for the process of concentration to take place then a particular element must exhibit some form of attraction. In the social sphere of human beings and in the interactions of several species throughout the natural world this force of attraction, that leads to the concentration of a particular element, is originally attributed to some form of success. This is because most elements begin quite small and the extent of their concentration represents significant growth. The once small qualitative element that attracted numerous diverse elements to its core now assumes a significant quantitative measure. The increase in its quantitative measure becomes a representation of the extent of its concentration although the core qualitative element remains the basis for this expansion. The expansion represents only the diversity of one element. The one then becomes the many. If a man attracts several women he must have a core element that appeals to all of these individuals. In the social sphere it might be that he has a lot of money which implies a command over a significant portion of the world of commodities available in the market because of his significant purchasing power. In order to have this great purchasing power he must have been successful in some element of the social sphere whether it’s sports, the arts, academia, the owner of a business etc.  Biologically he may be very attractive and so appeals to many females on this basis. The man, therefore, possesses a force of attraction that will lead to him being the subject of interest for several females. The man is the one and the females are the many that are attracted to the one. The females will then embody his values and his mode of operation or conduct. The same can apply to a beautiful female that many men want to please. On twitter those individuals with millions of followers must have been successful in the social sphere. This force is the accumulator that leads to the accumulation of many diverse elements. In capitalism, also, you have several major corporations that represent a variety of commodities produced for sale in the market. All these corporations, however exist within a capitalist framework. A commodity is a commodity because it generates a monetary profit for the capitalist following its sale in the market. This is the general basis for capitalism regardless of the diverse amount of commodities for sale. These commodities represent only diversity but they are still determined by a particular capitalist mode of production which is the one. The many capitals involved form the general rate of profit even though one might get 50, the other 20 and another 30. The total is still 100. (See Capital vol. 3 for more)Some of these corporations  engage in fierce competition because they sell the same type of commodity and desperately try to assert their differences but it does not change the fact that these companies sell the same type of product. Depending on the success of a particular brand of company and its reach in the social sphere it might be able to increase sales in the market at the expense of its competitors but unless it controls the entire market there will still be room for diversity.  A phone can be made in such diverse ways but it is still a phone. In the sphere of competition several companies lay claim to the diversity of one particular product but this does not alter its core essential basis. Competition does lay the basis for an increase in diversity and improvement in the product but the core or its functionality still remains the same. In this day and age cell phones can go on the internet or take photos but this is diversity because the original basis for the phone is its role as a live communicating device. When that essential element of the phone changes then it ceases to be a phone.

This element of competition in capitalism, therefore, is one example of how the whole is constantly shifting through expansion or reduction. The essential element is concentrated and this is reflected in its growth or expansion or in its reduction or decline. Decline is not repulsion it is a reflection of  the essential element that has been reduced and this can be due to repulsion. The amount or quantity represents the extent of concentration but the elements that comprise the entity are continually shifting. The human body is a classic example of concentration and how it ebbs and flows. We are born quite small but our body must embrace  external elements, such as food,  drink, a  certain level of social development, that assist growth or expansion of our essential selves. Based on biological precedent we are expected to mature by a particular point but external elements such as the type of food or progressive social development can shorten or lengthen the process.   When the body matures it cannot grow significantly beyond a particular point and then external elements that encouraged expansion now encourage decline because no more additions can be made  for the basis of expansion although your mass might increase. The accumulator becomes the destroyer because the core of what you represent can no longer expand in a way that will encourage growth from a qualitative point of view although the mass can continue to  grow until you become obese or your body becomes prone to disability in the form of diseases or old age ailments.  Limits are relative but everyone has a limit because we are finite beings although our progression collectively as human beings makes it seem like ‘to infinity and beyond.’ The process cannot be reversed.  There are negative external elements that can affect you even before you reach the peak of expansion and so limit the extent that you can reach a certain level of concentration but I am here focusing on a natural basis of growth because even though these negative elements might limit your expansion your expansion still only takes place to a certain point.

Decline of an element that is concentrated due to previous expansion is a sign of stagnation or an element becoming ossified or fossilized because there is no more room for expansion. It is a natural movement and does not necessarily have to do with repulsion because all the parts that were attracted to the essential element still remain but are no longer an energizing force. The expansion of a particular element implies the rapid movement that takes place but as these elements are usually finite they do expire because a particular form of energy is utilized. Energy is used but it can only be used to  a certain point until it begins to reduce input and output slows and then the element eventually dies in a fossilized or ossified state. The utilization of energy is important for the human body and that energy, representative of movement, will expire and the addition of external elements cannot halt the decline because the element has now become so concentrated that it cannot encourage the introduction of new elements because the basis for expansion was already adopted. Some external elements might delay the process but cannot reverse the finite state of the essential element. One must bear in mind that the external elements have a significant bearing on the functionality of a particular element and so one of the reasons for the utilization of energy is the  absorption of these external elements that provide the energy that encourages movement (this just reinforces our mutual dependence on other whole essential beings). 

While some elements add to expansion by providing energy the increase in the mass of a particular element exerts even more pressure on the amount of energy that must be utilized by the existing elements. This can hasten the devaluation of that particular element by concentration in the sense that the element already exerts more energy than is put into it. The element has become so dependent on the existing parts that it cannot absorb new parts into the whole and has reached its limit of expansion. In order to absorb new parts this requires a certain energy that comes with expansion and the one element would need the necessary energy and openness in its structure to embrace the rapidity that comes with expansion. As a finite element, however, it must reach a point where it can no longer expand.  The parts that comprised the whole without being repelled go through a stage of reduction that eventually leads to death.  A certain level of concentration then leads to the eventual destruction of an element because most elements are finite and will be destroyed by either external elements that come into violent contact with it  or, internally,  by its own natural death. When an element is concentrated it is more likely to attract destructive elements because in its ossified state it cannot embrace any new parts. Death, external or internal, is an example of the finite status of most things.

The Forces of Diffusion or Repulsion

The forces of diffusion or repulsion are the opposite of concentration but also emphasize the movement of many entities. I am speaking about the essential elements. Capitalism is comprised of various elements and none of those companies can disregard the practice. If they do then they would be repulsed. Capitalism is driven by the profit motive. So in the real world when a capitalist leaves the US to go and live in one of the booming Asian states due to the taxation policies of the US government then that has nothing to do with capitalism. The element being repulsed is of a national character. In this case America represents the whole; America as a national entity. There is a repulsion from the national whole but not the capitalist whole. It is relative because within capitalism there is also repulsion within the whole. If you relate it to particular industries then consumers become repelled from a particular company and then decide to buy from their competitor who attracts them with their business practice or product offering.  In any case this form of movement involves a movement away from a dominant whole or the elements that are outside of the dominant whole. The elements outside of the dominant whole may or may not become attracted to the larger entity where other elements are concentrated. It is similar to the independent producers that exist outside of the influence of the dominant corporations who would wish to absorb them because their product is similar but adds to the diversity.  The diversified product of the independent producer may attract consumers and therefore allow the element to expand and so be on par with the other dominant corporations that sell the same product in a particular way.  In any case the forces that encourage repulsion or diffusion suggest that an element that was once dominant no longer attracts and parts are then removed either smoothly or violently. This removal of the part(s) from the whole is not necessarily decline of the previous dominant whole but it can result in the part becoming its own dominant whole or it may die or suffer as a small element out there in the wilderness.

The forces that lead to diffusion can be both internal or external. External elements can lead to the separation of the parts from the concentrated whole because it disrupts its composition from the outside. This is normally a very violent or topsy-turvy situation that reveals all the parts as they are repulsed from the whole, where once they were not visible, with each part having to account for its existence outside of the dominant whole. With the disappearance of that external element then it is likely that the parts will be attracted and become whole once more or they may remain apart. If they remain apart then the dominant whole will be destroyed or vanish and each part will be left on its own but considerably weaker than when they were assembled into the whole. If it’s a case where it is only a few parts that have been separated or repulsed from the whole then the whole will be able to recover because its dominant  core element will still be intact and it may still be able to attract new parts to fill the breaches. If it is a case, however, where the majority of parts that comprise the whole are removed then it’s more likely that the whole will disappear particularly as its content no longer suffices to keep it together. Internal elements may force a diffusion process because the parts move in a chemically based way that leads to several interactions within the whole that will then force a separation because of internal combustion unless it is contained. The moveable parts within the whole are not static unless they become ossified as the whole element goes through its process of decline. It is their movement that keeps the whole thriving internally and allows for its interactions with external elements that then add to the process as they too become internalized. If this movement cannot be contained, however, then the parts will naturally break away because one part may become too dominant within the whole thereby overwhelming the other parts. This part may become the new whole at the expense of the other parts or the other parts  might allow for this growing element to be repulsed from the whole in order to make it  on its own.

The elements that encourage attraction also encourage repulsion. There must be something that does not allow for some elements to be considered attractive or unable to attract in order to become a concentrated force. An ugly man or an ugly female that is considered repulsive or an anti social character that does not encourage attraction from other parts. These elements will always remain small because of their inability to attract or they represent elements that do not represent forces for expansion. Expansion only occurs when other elements  are attracted to a core element. Those elements that remain in a state of diffusion are clearly weak and are easily dominated in some cases. If the one cannot be the many then it will not have a certain level of clout in a particular space. The planets cannot supersede the sun; the sun cannot supersede the solar system; the solar system is dwarfed by the galaxy and the galaxies are dwarfed by the size of the universe or dark matter and dark energy. All of these elements are moving and constantly challenging the foundations on which we stand. They are not mechanical principles ( I am here contrasting Hegel’s definition of mechanism with chemism). The elements are also finite but their movement takes the whole to a particular point and therefore allows for further expansion because new parts are becoming attracted to the whole.  Without attraction between several parts within the whole that can encourage their movement and expansion then static elements that are unable to attract will remain cast out unless they are able to be mobilized and become forces for attraction. They then become repulsed by the whole but they are also capable to become their own wholes. If not then they perish.

Concentration (Attraction) vs. Diffusion (repulsion)

How does this contradiction manifest itself in the social sphere? Many people are attracted to the dominant social element in a particular sphere of human activity. Each social sphere of a particular society, once it is not monopolized by one particular element, will encourage diversity and in the real world this is reinforced by competition as each element attempts to demonstrate why it is the most attractive force. Each element has to demonstrate why people should support its product, philosophy, its mode of operation, event or agenda. Success is demonstrated along these lines. Those elements that are incapable of attracting sufficient interest will remain in a small state where they are continually repulsed and so incapable of expanding considerably. The only parts they can attract are parasitic elements because as a small element it can only convince others through desperate or violent means. These small elements exist in a state of dire poverty if they are not successful in attracting sufficient interest. In order to expand a particular qualitative element has to grow in quantity. It has to grow or concentrate itself whereby its mass becomes a distinct, dominant social element.
The success of an element cannot be missed in the social sphere because its mass assumes a dominant position. The mass is reflective of the increased quantity added to the qualitative element. 

As explained before every qualitative element must expand its measure in order to accommodate the increased quantity. This requires a shift in the qualitative element which will see the end of the previous qualitative element that encouraged considerable expansion in a particular direction. If there is no new measure which will require the creation of a new qualitative element then stagnation must inevitably set in. This is because all elements are finite by nature. Our finite selves reach their peak in the form of certain limits. Some elements have more room for expansion than others and this is because they are much larger elements and it becomes a matter of being relative in terms of size. The sun has a life span of several billions of years but it still has a limit. The sun is required to be a dominant element because it powers the entire solar system. The earth will shift and change as well and it is clear that certain elements in the atmosphere can lead to rapid change that will spell destruction. This can be due to internal eruptions at the core as well as external elements such as asteroids, an expanding sun that will dissolve many of its parts or collision with other planets that can be brought about when the Andromeda galaxy eventually collides with the Milky Way galaxy in which we reside as earthlings. The high levels of concentration that come with a dominant element is reflected in stagnation particularly if there is no break away. This stagnation is reflective of a certain level of fossilization because the parts of the whole have used up all the necessary energy for maintaining a particular element. In order for expansion there must be some form of repulsion that will encourage a new measure to expand the quantity of a previous element. As it stands in its ossified the state the declining element cannot expand beyond a particular point because it has reached the limits of expansion. In various social spheres the people that preside over the once dominant element try to keep it afloat without embracing new qualitative measures that could expand it beyond the previous qualitative basis. What once made you great will make you relatively small. It is a historical fact. When you become small it is always in comparison to another dominant element that has emerged to usurp or take control of the particular social sphere in which you reside. This new element would have benefited from your previous expansion but the new qualitative element that it brings forth is capable of expanding beyond your limits. One can see how the United States took the place of Britain in the capitalist dominated West. The US which was once a colony of Britain has now dwarfed its former imperial master. China, which is on the rise or a significant expanding element, will also eventually dwarf the US which is nearing the limits of expansion. This is evident with so many dominant capitalist firms in the    US sending their funds overseas to more profitable areas where they can exploit the cheaper labour of other territories and the growing markets.

 Some individuals cannot live with the rise of a new dominant element and this is why morality tends to encourage stagnation and to reinforce the older version. This is the sphere of idealism whereby certain principles based on a particular qualitative element also reinforce the presence of that element in the mind of several individuals tied to that element such as the workers that work in a particular business. This idealistic element takes hold even though the qualitative element that is its primary basis has faded or is in a state of disintegration. It only becomes apparent that the previous qualitative element is no longer dominant once a crisis erupts. The crisis shatters the idealistic element that rested primarily on the principles of a particular qualitative element. In the social sphere a crisis is a sign of either disintegration or repulsion from the dominant whole. This repulsion can be violent whereby the several parts within the now dominant element decide to break off on their own or to supplant the once dominant element that could not contain the rise of such elements. The repulsion also occurs when several parts are repulsed within the whole,  meaning that there is a repulsion where by the parts are no longer connected or endure a period of separation which makes them ineffective as the parts are more effective due to their interrelatedness or mutual dependency. This crisis  forces this separation among the parts and reduces their functionality. This is a process of diffusion where the parts are no longer concentrated in a particular whole. When a man and woman are in a romantic relationship their concentration is reflected in their chemical relationship with each other. If they stay together for a lengthy period, ‘til death do us part’, the chemical connection will eventually fade and the two will exist on a mechanical basis which are the idealistic principles, associated with marriage, that reinforced the original qualitative basis of their relationship even though that basis has dissolved from a materialist perspective. There are numerous cases where romantic relationships are forcibly ended due to a crisis that forces a separation of the two that once comprised the whole.

Repulsion or diffusion is therefore necessary in order to relieve the pressure that builds when an element becomes too concentrated. The limit of the extent of concentration is reflected when the element becomes ossified or fossilized. This means that it, the qualitative element,  can no longer expand in terms of quantity. The qualitative element comes to rely on its pre existing parts because it can no longer add new parts. If it does add new parts then it is only in small number because the parts are now attracted to another dominant whole on the rise that supplanted the previous  dominant force. Diffusion or repulsion is therefore necessary in the social scene because when a particular element declines through ossification or fossilization then the parts move to a new dominant whole. It is a natural process. This process takes place in capitalism whereby the existing capitals in a particular sphere are attracted to a profitable enterprise and are again diverted once that enterprise is no longer profitable. The capitals then move to another profitable enterprise  or the capitalists hold onto their potential money capital until a new profitable enterprise or area is located. Diffusion or repulsion and attraction are mutually dependent features of the movements that takes place among various elements. The forces of attraction are due to the rapid expansion that takes place in a particular area whereas repulsion takes place when the parts can no longer engage with a particular element  that is heavily concentrated. An area that is heavily concentrated limits expansion and thereby denies movement of the many parts. This creates several bottlenecks and is a reflection of a ossified or fossilized state because the  particular element attracted too many parts but could not facilitate their movement. This force of attraction then ends up being a force of repulsion that makes the parts disperse. These parts may then create a new force of attraction. In order for an element to be attractive it must exist in a diffused state because this will make the particular element distinctive because of its particular activities and this will allow it to be the one that attracts the many. The ossified or fossilized element can no longer attract effectively because attraction will be a reflection of obesity which means that the excess cannot be absorbed and it limits movement.

This contradiction will help to explain why capitalism is not an eternal system. When Marx made the point it came across as heresy because it denounced the system. Capitalism has now reached a point in the 21st century where it exists in an ossified or fossilized state in the advanced industrial nations. They are still increasing their mass but this excess only translates into obesity because they do not possess the energy to absorb it. The large amount of debt is one manifestation of this whereby money becomes an element onto itself or embodiment of excess when in fact money should be a reflection of the state of production. Without an increasing population to absorb and generate new use values to be exchanged in the market as commodities then this mass of money will eventually become unbearable.  This money will have to be repulsed because it cannot be utilized effectively in the advanced capitalist nations such as the US and the Eurozone. Capitalism relies on the exploitation of wage labour. Wage labour produces the surplus value/unpaid labour time that lays the basis for rapid expansion in the form of profit generation. This element of profit lays the basis for an increase in the mass of capital but there is the tendency for the rate of profit to fall when the increase in the cost of constant capital (raw materials, machinery etc) outstrips the existing  wage labour force. 

This fall in the profit rate is a reflection of the growth in the mass of capital that is being accumulated in the form of means of production which must be utilized in the sphere of production by a relatively declining wage labour force (as marx explained in Vol. 3 it is relative because there is normally an absolute increase in the population numbers that accompanies rapid expansion of a society) in order to produce ever more commodities for sale in the market. This relative decline in the wage labour force leads to a repulsion of the workers because they have been devalued  by the introduction of technology that absorbs their increasing levels of productivity. This technology means that one man can now do the work of 2, 000. The 2, 000 are then cast out and maybe then attracted to another expanding element that requires labour. Most small businesses are labour intensive because the technical basis has not developed whereby it  would have been able to absorb high labour productivity. High labour productivity from the wage labour force represents the movement that takes place within the whole of a particular industry or a particular business in that industry.  The proletariat or working class are the moveable elements within the capitalist system and become the basis for its expansion and eventual concentration which lies in a state of ossification or fossilization. The repulsion of the working class from capital will eventually lead to the creation of a new element dominated by the working class whose numbers will only continue to grow once the peasant based economies that still exist throughout the world  disintegrate and capital takes over. This lays the basis for a system that puts the workers at the forefront because their numbers will form a whole too large to be absorbed by capitalism. If the formation of the large working class numbers by 2100 does not lead to a radical change of capitalism it will lead to a barbaric type of civilization which is festering because then- with the growth in the technologically based means of production which will be operated primarily by A.I-then there will be many people existing like parasites/criminals or in a state of abominable poverty. If people ignore new ways of operation in favour of the commodity fetish or the right price then the system will implode or it will take a massive crisis, an Armageddon type of crisis to force a change. If anyone thinks the crisis of 2008/9 was anything then it’s too bad they will not be around for the massive crisis of 2200 when the world economy will be worth US (or bitcoin)$300-400 trillion (conservative estimate) if capitalism is still around. Crises of capitalism can only get worse as the mass of capitalism expands. The mass will still grow and I wonder if bourgeois economists have not confused mass with real growth in some quarters.

Real growth or expansion of capitalism only occurs once commodities are sold in the market which means the value of a product is realized. The mass of capitalism can grow from the production side yet growth stagnates because there is no sale. A capitalist can have his workforce produce as many commodities, unique to that particular business, as possible and it will increase the mass of his business because the business is held together by credit or the expectation of sale. The production side or the mass still grows yet the goods are rotting on the shelves  or remain inactive in the hands of the distributors in the commercial sphere that are responsible for selling. It becomes an idealistic element because the principles of production have not been met by the constant movement taking place in the sphere of consumption. This is when a crisis smashes the business or makes significant inroads that force the company to alter its strategy to target consumers. The business, if it still exists after the crisis, will not be the same company following the crisis. It would have to adopt a new qualitative model in order to increase sales beyond the previous measure. I have noticed that some analysts look at the production side and register it as a sign of growth when in fact it is just an increase in the mass of the element that is responsible for the production of this particular commodity. In order for the company to be in a position to increase its mass then it must have a history of expansion which allowed it to be a dominant social element. Its mass grows to a point where it dominates the market. When it dominates the market then it can reach a point where there are no new parts or consumers that can valorize it thereby adding to expansion although there are recurring sales in the pre existing market. These companies have to seek new markets or their mass will increase (due to the the markets that it originally used for expansion) but there will be no real expansion of the qualitative element. Capitalism will reach it's absolute limit when all markets have been exhausted.   There is so much expectation on the side of these analyses. Expectations that do not learn to expect the unexpected. Expectations are an idealistic element.


In any case this ends my discussion on the forces of attraction that lead to concentration and the forces of repulsion that lead to diffusion. Both forces are mutually exclusive yet mutually dependent in order to provide some measure of balance to forces that lead to a high level of concentration that leads to ossification or fossilization or a state of diffusion that leads to extreme isolation. For those that will read the post, which I don’t expect to be many, this blog post is just another in a series that explains my thought processes or how I analyse certain elements and the parts that comprise them.